SS31

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) designed to selectively target and accumulate in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Its unique structure enables it to bind to cardiolipin, a critical phospholipid that maintains mitochondrial cristae structure, electron transport chain (ETC) efficiency, and ATP production.

By interacting with cardiolipin, SS-31 helps stabilize mitochondrial membranes, reduce electron leak, and decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, preserves cellular function, and prevents apoptosis under stress conditions.

For research use only. Not for human consumption.